An 18th Century Textual Labyrinth: The Nature of Tibetan Buddhist Printing Network in Qing Inner Asia during the Kangxi Period

Although patronage of Tibetan Buddhism by the imperial courts in China has a precedence before Qing dynasty, scale and scope emperors’ investment was unprecedented. Scholars have produced multiple interpretations on nature their rule, among which, most pertinent argument centered analyzing intentions emperors. The centrality this debate occured at elision other historical factors, one which is infrastructures institutions that facilitated patronage. While took forms, such as construction monasteries or conference titles to religious hierarchs, paper focuses printing activities specific illustrates textual network began take shape during Kangxi’s reign (r.1661-1722). 
 Kangxi Emperor reorganized significantly expanded Imperial household department, Neiwufu, responsible for manufacture goods palace’s use. He also established workshops Yangxindian Wuyingdian recruited artisans from all over country were involved scholarly works. Through collaborative work department bureaucracy, enormous material human resources amassed implement these projects. court monumental texts, I highlighted role temples outside Beijing smaller texts. shown while inner Asian undoubtedly supported emperors spurred financial contribution, they spaces layers where local powers could engage independently realm authority.